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What is s.w.a.t stand for.What Does SWAT Stand For?
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What is s.w.a.t stand for. Abbreviations and acronyms database
One officer then obtained permission to observe the Delano Police Department’s special weapons and tactics units in action, and afterwards, he took what he had learned back to Los Angeles, where his knowledge was used and expanded on to form the LAPD’s own first SWAT unit. John Nelson was the officer who conceived the idea to form a specially trained and equipped unit in the LAPD, intended to respond to and manage critical situations involving shootings while minimizing police casualties.
Inspector Gates approved this idea, and he formed a small select group of volunteer officers. This first SWAT unit initially consisted of fifteen teams of four men each, making a total staff of sixty. These officers were given special status and benefits, and were required to attend special monthly training sessions. The unit also served as a security unit for police facilities during civil unrest. Early police powers and tactics used by SWAT teams were aided by legislation passed in with the help of Republican House representative Donald Santarelli.
The legislation was promoted within the context of fears over the Civil Rights Movement , race riots , the Black Panther Party , and the emerging War on Drugs. The raid was problematic from the start, leading to a shootout in which Daryl Gates phoned the Department of Defense , requesting and receiving permission to use a grenade launcher.
The Panthers eventually surrendered, with four Panthers and four officers being injured. All six arrested Panthers were acquitted of the most serious charges brought against them, including conspiracy to murder police officers, because it was ruled that they acted in self-defense.
Coverage of the siege was broadcast to millions via television and radio and featured in the world press for days afterwards. SWAT teams engaged in a several-hour gun battle with the SLA; no police were wounded, but the six SLA members died in the conflict, which ended when the house caught fire and burned to the ground. By the time of the SLA shootout, SWAT teams had reorganized into six man teams, each team being divided further into two five-man units, called elements.
An element consisted of an element leader, two assaulters, a scout, and a rear-guard. The normal complement of weapons was a sniper rifle a. SWAT officers also carried their service revolvers in shoulder holsters. Standard gear included a first aid kit , gloves, and a military gas mask. At a time when officers were usually issued six-shot revolvers and shotguns, it was a significant change to have police armed with semi-automatic rifles.
The encounter with the heavily armed Symbionese Liberation Army, however, sparked a trend towards SWAT teams being issued body armor and automatic weapons of various types. These included riots such as the Watts riots , which in the s forced the LAPD and other police departments into tactical situations for which they were ill-prepared; the emergence of snipers as a challenge to civil order; political assassinations; and the threat of urban guerrilla warfare by militant groups.
To commit conventionally trained officers to a confrontation with a guerrilla-trained militant group would likely result in a high number of casualties among the officers and the escape of the guerrillas. The report states on page , «The purpose of SWAT is to provide protection, support, security, firepower, and rescue to police operations in high personal risk situations where specialized tactics are necessary to minimize casualties.
In U. Congress passed the Military Cooperation with Law Enforcement Act, giving police access to military intelligence, infrastructure, and weaponry in the fight against drugs. Reagan subsequently declared drugs to be a threat to U. The program modified existing federal aid structures to local police, making it easier to transfer money and equipment to fight the War on Drugs. Police forces also received increased assistance from the DEA. The money resulted in the creation of many narcotics task forces, and SWAT teams became an important part of these forces.
In , paramilitary police units launched a few hundred drug raids annually within the United States. In the early s, SWAT drug raid numbers increased to annually, and by , 30, raids annually. The paper reported that the military transferred nearly , pieces of military equipment to Wisconsin police departments in the s. Criminal justice professors Peter Kraska and Victor Kappeler, in their study Militarizing American Police: The Rise and Normalization of Paramilitary Units , surveyed police departments nationwide and found that their deployment of paramilitary units had grown tenfold between the early s and late s.
As perpetrators Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold were shooting students and staff inside the school, officers did not intervene in the shooting, but instead set a perimeter as they were trained to do. By the time they did enter the school, 12 people were killed and Harris and Klebold had committed suicide.
They were also heavily criticized for not saving teacher Dave Sanders, who had died from blood loss , three hours after the SWAT first entered the school. The idea was to train and equip street officers to make a rapid response to so-called active shooter situations.
In these situations, it was no longer acceptable to simply set up a perimeter and wait for SWAT. As an example, in the policy and procedure manual of the Minneapolis Police Department , it is stated, «MPD personnel shall remain cognizant of the fact that in many active shooter incidents, innocent lives are lost within the first few minutes of the incident. In some situations, this dictates the need to rapidly assess the situation and act quickly in order to save lives.
Banks writes that SWAT team employment of military veterans has influenced their tactics and perspective. Den Heyer also argues that while SWAT teams continue to be deployed to executing large numbers of drug warrants, this is a rational use of available police resources. Officers have cited safety as the main reason for use of SWAT teams, stating that SWAT units would frequently be called if there were a possibility a suspect might be armed.
For instance in , only two police officers were killed in the arrest of 2 million drug suspects, a low casualty rate possibly stemming from the military equipment and tactics used in the raids.
The relative infrequency of SWAT call-outs means these expensively trained and equipped officers cannot be left to sit around, waiting for an emergency.
In many departments the officers are normally deployed to regular duties, but are available for SWAT calls via pagers, mobile phones, or radio transceivers. Even in larger police agencies, such as the LAPD or the NYPD , SWAT personnel will normally be seen in crime suppression roles—specialized and more dangerous than regular patrol, perhaps, but the officers would not be carrying their distinctive armor and weapons.
Since officers have to be on call-out most of the day, they may be assigned to regular patrol duties. To decrease response times to situations that require a SWAT team, it is now a common practice to place SWAT equipment and weaponry in secured lockers in the trunks of specialized police cruisers.
Departments that often use this style of organization are county sheriffs , due to the different sizes of counties, and the predominance of back-roads. In places like Los Angeles, where traffic may be heavy, the LAPD uses cruisers such as this to respond with their officers so they do not have to return to a police station to armor up.
However, heavier duty equipment may be needed depending on the situation that arises. However, this unit also provides a wide range of services in addition to SWAT functions, including search and rescue, and car accident vehicle extrication, normally handled by fire departments or other agencies. The need to summon widely dispersed personnel, then equip and brief them, makes for a long lag between the initial emergency and actual SWAT deployment on the ground.
The problems of delayed police response at Columbine led to changes in police response, [25] mainly rapid deployment of line officers to deal with an active shooter, rather than setting up a perimeter and waiting for SWAT to arrive. SWAT teams use equipment designed for a variety of specialist situations including close-quarters combat CQC in an urban environment.
The particular pieces of equipment vary from unit to unit, but there are some consistent trends in what they wear and use. SWAT personnel wear similar utility uniforms to the tactical uniforms worn by the military. Many police departments have diverged from the original standard black or blue uniforms, and SWAT uniforms now include plain military green and camouflage patterns. Fire retardant balaclavas are often used to protect the face, as well as to protect the identity of team members.
While a wide variety of weapons are used by SWAT teams, the most common weapons include submachine guns, carbines, assault rifles, shotguns, and sniper rifles. Tactical aids include flash bangs , stingers , and tear gas grenades. Semi-automatic pistols are the most popular sidearms. To breach doors quickly, battering rams , shotguns with breaching rounds, or explosive charges can be used to break the lock or hinges, or even demolish the door frame itself.
SWAT teams also use many non-lethal munitions and weapons. These include Tasers , pepper spray canisters, shotguns loaded with bean bag rounds, Pepperball guns, stinger grenades , flash bang grenades, and tear gas. Ballistic shields are used in close quarters situations to provide cover for SWAT team members and reflect gunfire. Pepperball guns are essentially paint ball markers loaded with balls containing oleoresin capsicum «pepper spray». Helicopters may be used to provide aerial reconnaissance or even insertion via rappelling or fast-roping.
To avoid detection by suspects during insertion in urban environments, SWAT units may also use modified buses, vans, trucks, or other seemingly normal vehicles. During the North Hollywood shootout , LAPD SWAT commandeered an armored cash-delivery truck , which they used to extract wounded civilians and officers from the raging firefight with the heavily armed bank robbers.
The Saracen was modified to accommodate the needs of the SOT. A Night Sun [ clarification needed ] was mounted on top and a ram was mounted to the front. The Saracen has been used from warrant service to emergency response. It has enabled team members to move from one point to another safely. Many of these have been accused of portraying SWAT teams in an unrealistic manner.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Law enforcement unit. For other uses, see SWAT disambiguation. This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
January Further information: Columbine effect. Main article: SWAT vehicle. The Week. Dennis Publishing Limited Retrieved October 19, National Tactical Officers Association.
September Suggest new definition. References in periodicals archive? Different varieties of peaches were put on display at the festival that attracted a large number of tourists, researchers, farmers, students and fruit lovers from different parts of Swat. Peach festival attracts visitors. Moreover, the distance between Islamabad and Swat has shrunk to only five hours after the construction of the motorway. Swat motorway opens for tourists. He said that Swat ‘s natural beauty is great example for the world to come here and enjoy scenic hill stations.
Swat to regain status of tourism hub again. Present in plantation drive, Swat woman Amina said as many trees we plant that much beauty would be added to our city and its mountains. Swat women start tree plantation to counter climate change. To explore this theoretical approach, the case of Pukhtuns in Swat has been utilized in this study.